Understanding EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, and DDP
Comprehensive guide to EXW, FOB, CFR, CIF, and DDP in international trade—differences, risk allocation, 2025 updates, and real-world case studies. In global trade, clarity on responsibilities, costs, and risks between buyers and sellers is essential. The Incoterms® rules, published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), provide a standardized framework to avoid disputes and streamline […]
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